BLOGGER TEMPLATES AND TWITTER BACKGROUNDS »

Minggu, 22 Mei 2011

THEORY AND ARTICLES PRESENT PERFECT TENSES


Present Perfect Tense
A.  Theory:

1. Describe an event that has occurred at the present time but it is not clear.
2. An event or occurrence which performed at a time when past but still nothing to do with the present or events that had just done, but the timing is not known.

Rumus:     a. They/We/I/You + Have + Past Participle
b. He/She/It         + Has    + Past Participle 

Example:
1. I have written a letter
2. You have taken my pen
3. He has drunk milk
4. She has seen a snake
5. It has gone
6. We have swum
7. They have eaten fried rice

B.  Bisa disertai dengan kata just, ever, never, already, before, recently, yet.
1.  I have just broken the glass
2.  He has just closed the door
3.  Have you ever seen a ghost?
4.  Has he ever been there?
5.  I have never seen a ghost
6.  We have learned this before
7.  He has never been there
8.  They have already paid the bill
9.  I have sold a horse recently
10.       She has become  clever recently
11.       You haven’t  slept yet
12.       She hasn’t come yet

C.  Kalimat Tanya dalam Present Perfect Tense
a.   Have I seen a ghost?
b.  Has he seen a snake?
c.   Has she eaten rice?
d.  Have you eaten meat?
e.  Have we drunk milk?
f.    Have they taken my pen?

D.   Kalimat negative dalam Present Perfect Tense
a.   I haven’t seen a ghost
b.  You haven’t eaten rice
c.   We haven’t  drunk coffee
d.  They haven’t slept
e.  He hasn’t studied
f.    She hasn’t arrived
g.   It hasn’t come






The Moment Leave Activity University Lecture

In the morning the family was preparing equipment riski entirely what it must be taken to place a holiday there.
Supplies among others, are as follows:
1.  Aris has carried digital camera, Jacket, headphone, mattress fold, etc.
2.  My Mother has cooked  fried chickens,  rice, chili peppers potatoes, etc
3.  My Sisters has carried shirt swim, Jacket, spotlight, Music DVD player, Film chorea’s ,etc
4.  My Father has arrived driver car to villa
5.  My brother has arrived  navigator to villa
Equipment is ready. And we all started to go toward the villa where all of us pet. After menjalanin days that saturate or boring.
While the journey we all experience obstacles, Lots of people are on vacation to the top. So that became long traffic jam like a snake.
And we are free from traffic congestion during the last about 2 hours we were detained. Because the police wearing open-close system. Resulting in long queues.

    And his end until well into the villa. With a long journey and had jammed during the journey. Now is time for us all to take a break to carry out activities on the day the next day.

      On the next day, my sister and I all walk around the place a tourist town is there like, flower garden Mekarsari, The junggle, Waterboom, etc..


        Once cool to play us soon hurry to return to the villa. But bad luck when we all had not yet reached our villa flat tires or leaky.
And because we got a flat tire is too Malem really. To the extent that you have prepared the same food my mom and dad chill.
And we apologize to the dad and mom because it was home too Malem. And the Malem day we all lit a bonfire and some entertainment from me and my sister, and at night was very festive and very happy. And finished to see the fire pit and some amusement that we serve the Malem day. We are soon to go to bed to rest. Because tomorrow morning we immediately went to go home.
SELAMAT BELAJAR SEMUA

Senin, 02 Mei 2011

A boy who hobby streets

A boy who hobby streets
One day, a boy named briyan, every day he has never stayed home, he always playedevery day outside the home.
And briyan met a friend who named anwar and siti. The three were always a hobby to walk without knowing the time.

1. Briyan said, "hay, tomorrow we're going again?
They said, "games, ana if we go to Cibodas wrote, do not agree if we go to Cibodas?"
2. Briyan replied, "ok .. aja ok ... what about anwar, anwar would no tomorrow if we take a stroll to the Cibodas? "
3. Anwar said, "ok"
4. Briyan said, "we get together Testament where?"
5. Siti replied, "We're all meeting up in the usual place Testament wrote how?"
6. Anwar and Briyan said, "OK"

And when there they scour. The streets Jump venue. And they also take pictures for as a memento. And that journey is an experience in a very happy journey for them all. And the memories they end with happiness.

Theory Direct and Indirect Speech

* Direct Speech is sentence pronounced by the speaker directly.
* Indirect Speech is a sentence which states or greeting someone report back without changing the intent of what the speaker said.

Note: Direct and Indirect Speech bisa juga disebut Reported Speech
* Reported speech is a sentence that reported something as a test of one's statement.
Example:
1.       Direct Speech  à  David said ‘ I am fine ‘
    Indirect Speech        à David said (that) he was fine
Explanation:
- In Indirect Speech / Reported speech there are changes or verb tenses in sentences spoken by the speaker.
- I am happy in the direct speech of the above changed to He was happy in indirect speech.
- I be a he because the speaker is davib.
- (that) means that. This word should or should not be included or used
2.      Direct Speech      à Susan said ’ I am cleaning’
Indirect speech     à Susan said (that) she was cleaning



Y Dalam Reported speech atau Indirect speech, terdapat perubahan-perubahan kedalam bentuk lampau (the past)
Am or is à Was
Has to à Had to
May à Might
Are à Was or Were
Shall à Should
Walk à Walked
Have or Has à Had
Will à Would
Wear à Wore
Have to à Had to
Can à Could
Drink à Drank

Example:
             Direct Speech
             Indirect Speech
  ‘ I am happy ‘
He said that he was happy
  ‘ Betty is smart ‘
He said betty was smart
  ‘ You are naughty ‘
He said that I was naughty
  ‘ They are busy ‘
He said they were busy
  ‘ I have a Doll ‘
She said that she had a doll
  ‘ Jack has a piano ‘
He said jack had a piano
  ‘ I have eaten ‘
He said he had eaten
  ‘ I have to go ‘
He said he had to go
  ‘ John has to stay ‘
He said john had to stay
  ‘ We shall help ‘
We said we should help
  ‘ Jane will teach ‘
He said Jane would teach
  ‘ I can dance ‘
He said that he could dance
  ‘ You may come in ‘
He said I might come in
  ‘ They walk fast ‘
He said they walked fast
  ‘ Liza wears glasses ‘
He said Liza wore glasses
  ‘ I know them ‘
He said he knew them

9 Perubahan Tenses Dalam Reported Speech:
1.     Simple Present Become simple past
-        Direct speech       à John said ‘ I like badminton ‘
-        Indirect speech     à John said that he liked badminton ‘
2.     Present Continues Become Past Continues
-        Direct Speech       à Gina told me ‘ Bob is sleeping now ‘
-        Indirect speech     à Gina told me that Bob was sleeping then
3.     Present Perfect Become Past Perfect
Direct Speech       à Jim told me ‘I have seen a ghost ‘
Indirect speech     à Jim told me that he had seen a ghost
4.     Simple Past Become Past Perfect
Direct Speech       à Tina told me ‘I borrowed a book yesterday ‘
Indirect speech     à Tina told me that he had borrowed a book the day         before
5.     Simple Future Become Past Future
Direct Speech       à Ali said ‘I Shall go fishing tomorrow ’
Indirect speech     à Ali said that he would go fishing the following day
6.      Past Future Become Past Future Perfect
Direct Speech       à Liza told me ‘I should wash the clothes ‘
Indirect speech     à Liza told me that she would have washed the clothes

Perlu diperhatikan bahwa kata-kata berikut ini bisa berubah :
This
That
Here
There
Now
Than
Ago
Before
Yesterday
The day before
Tomorrow
The following day
Next Week
The following week

Example :
1.     Direct Speech       à Robert said ‘ I like this car ‘
Indirect speech     à Robert said that he liked that car

2.     Direct Speech       à Peter said ‘ You have to sit here ‘
Indirect speech     à Peter said that I had to sit there

3.     Direct Speech       à Laura told me ‘ Bob is studying now ‘
Indirect speech     à Laura told me that Bob was studying then

4.     Direct Speech       à Linda told me ‘ I arrived an hour ago ‘
Indirect speech     à Linda told me that She had arrived an hour before

5.     Direct Speech       à Susan told me ‘ I played tennis yesterday ‘
Indirect speech     à Susan told me that She had played tennis the they before

6.     Direct Speech       à Paul said ‘ I shall buy a jacket tomorrow ‘
Indirect speech     à Paul said that he would buy a jacket the following day

7.     Direct Speech       à Julia said ‘ Helen will get married next week ‘
Indirect speech     à Julia said that Helen would get married the following week

9 Direct speech and Indirect speech dalam kalimat Pernyataan (Statement):
1.     Direct         à Dona says ‘Morgan is very strong’
Indirect      à Dona says that Morgan is very Strong

2.     Direct         à John said ‘ This egg is cheap’
Indirect      à John said that the egg was cheap

3.     Direct         à Michel said ‘Tom will return ‘
Indirect      à Michel said Tom would return

4.     Direct         à Diana said ‘ I can speak Japanese ‘
Indirect      à Diana said that she could speak Japanese

5.     Direct         à Carlos said ‘ I want to cry’
Indirect      à Carlos said he wanted to cry

9 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech Dalam Kalimat Perintah (Commands):
1.     Direct         à ‘ Go away’
Indirect      à He told me to go away

2.     Direct         à ‘Run’
Indirect      à He told me to run

3.     Direct         à ‘Do Something’
Indirect      à He told me to do something

4.     Direct         à ‘ Find the document’
Indirect      à He ordered us to find the document

5.     Direct         à Dona said ‘ Clean the glass!’
Indirect      à Dona told me to clean the glass

9 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech dalam Kalimat (Requests):
1.     Direct         à ‘Open the door, please’
Indirect      à He asked me to open the door

2.     Direct         à ‘Please come here’
Indirect      à He asked me to come there

3.     Direct         à ‘Sit down, please’
Indirect      à He asked me to sit down

4.     Direct         à ‘Please have the tea’
Indirect      à He asked me to have the tea

5.     Direct         à ‘Please help me’
Indirect      à He asked me to help him



9 Direct and Indirect Speech dalam kalimat Tanya (Questions)
1.     Direct         à ‘How is betty?’
Indirect      à He asked me how betty was

2.     Direct         à ’What is she doing?’
Indirect      à He asked me what she was doing

3.     Direct         à ‘When will you have a test?’
Indirect      à He asked when I would have a test

4.     Direct         à ‘Where is Helen?’
Indirect      à He asked where Helen was

* Apabila kalimat Tanya memerlukan jawaban Yes atau No maka dalam Reported speech harus diserakan If atau Whether :
1.     Direct         à ‘Are you hungry?’
Indirect      à He asked me if I was hungry

2.     Direct         à ‘Can you drive a truck?’
Indirect      à He asked me whether I could drive a truck

3.     Direct         à ‘May I use the telephone?’
Indirect      à He asked me whether he might use the telephone

4.     Direct         à ‘Do you understand Lesson Five?’
Indirect      à He asked me if I understood Lesson Five

9 Direct Speech and Indirect speech dalam Kalimat Seru (Exclamations)
1.     Direct         à ‘How beautiful she is!’
Indirect      à He exclaimed how beautiful she was

2.     Direct         à ‘How wonderful the island is!’
Indirect      à He exclaimed how wonderful the island was