* Direct Speech is sentence pronounced by the speaker directly.
* Indirect Speech is a sentence which states or greeting someone report back without changing the intent of what the speaker said.
Note: Direct and Indirect Speech bisa juga disebut Reported Speech
* Reported speech is a sentence that reported something as a test of one's statement.
Example:
1. Direct Speech à David said ‘ I am fine ‘
Indirect Speech à David said (that) he was fine
Explanation:
- In Indirect Speech / Reported speech there are changes or verb tenses in sentences spoken by the speaker.
- I am happy in the direct speech of the above changed to He was happy in indirect speech.
- I be a he because the speaker is davib.
- (that) means that. This word should or should not be included or used
- In Indirect Speech / Reported speech there are changes or verb tenses in sentences spoken by the speaker.
- I am happy in the direct speech of the above changed to He was happy in indirect speech.
- I be a he because the speaker is davib.
- (that) means that. This word should or should not be included or used
2. Direct Speech à Susan said ’ I am cleaning’
Indirect speech à Susan said (that) she was cleaning
Y Dalam Reported speech atau Indirect speech, terdapat perubahan-perubahan kedalam bentuk lampau (the past)
| Am or is à Was | Has to à Had to | May à Might |
| Are à Was or Were | Shall à Should | Walk à Walked |
| Have or Has à Had | Will à Would | Wear à Wore |
| Have to à Had to | Can à Could | Drink à Drank |
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| ‘ I am happy ‘ | He said that he was happy |
| ‘ Betty is smart ‘ | He said betty was smart |
| ‘ You are naughty ‘ | He said that I was naughty |
| ‘ They are busy ‘ | He said they were busy |
| ‘ I have a Doll ‘ | She said that she had a doll |
| ‘ Jack has a piano ‘ | He said jack had a piano |
| ‘ I have eaten ‘ | He said he had eaten |
| ‘ I have to go ‘ | He said he had to go |
| ‘ John has to stay ‘ | He said john had to stay |
| ‘ We shall help ‘ | We said we should help |
| ‘ Jane will teach ‘ | He said Jane would teach |
| ‘ I can dance ‘ | He said that he could dance |
| ‘ You may come in ‘ | He said I might come in |
| ‘ They walk fast ‘ | He said they walked fast |
| ‘ Liza wears glasses ‘ | He said Liza wore glasses |
| ‘ I know them ‘ | He said he knew them |
9 Perubahan Tenses Dalam Reported Speech:
1. Simple Present Become simple past
- Direct speech à John said ‘ I like badminton ‘
- Indirect speech à John said that he liked badminton ‘
2. Present Continues Become Past Continues
- Direct Speech à Gina told me ‘ Bob is sleeping now ‘
- Indirect speech à Gina told me that Bob was sleeping then
3. Present Perfect Become Past Perfect
Direct Speech à Jim told me ‘I have seen a ghost ‘
Indirect speech à Jim told me that he had seen a ghost
4. Simple Past Become Past Perfect
Direct Speech à Tina told me ‘I borrowed a book yesterday ‘
Indirect speech à Tina told me that he had borrowed a book the day before
5. Simple Future Become Past Future
Direct Speech à Ali said ‘I Shall go fishing tomorrow ’
Indirect speech à Ali said that he would go fishing the following day
6. Past Future Become Past Future Perfect
Direct Speech à Liza told me ‘I should wash the clothes ‘
Indirect speech à Liza told me that she would have washed the clothes
Perlu diperhatikan bahwa kata-kata berikut ini bisa berubah :
| This | That |
| Here | There |
| Now | Than |
| Ago | Before |
| Yesterday | The day before |
| Tomorrow | The following day |
| Next Week | The following week |
Example :
1. Direct Speech à Robert said ‘ I like this car ‘
Indirect speech à Robert said that he liked that car
2. Direct Speech à Peter said ‘ You have to sit here ‘
Indirect speech à Peter said that I had to sit there
3. Direct Speech à Laura told me ‘ Bob is studying now ‘
Indirect speech à Laura told me that Bob was studying then
4. Direct Speech à Linda told me ‘ I arrived an hour ago ‘
Indirect speech à Linda told me that She had arrived an hour before
5. Direct Speech à Susan told me ‘ I played tennis yesterday ‘
Indirect speech à Susan told me that She had played tennis the they before
6. Direct Speech à Paul said ‘ I shall buy a jacket tomorrow ‘
Indirect speech à Paul said that he would buy a jacket the following day
7. Direct Speech à Julia said ‘ Helen will get married next week ‘
Indirect speech à Julia said that Helen would get married the following week
9 Direct speech and Indirect speech dalam kalimat Pernyataan (Statement):
1. Direct à Dona says ‘Morgan is very strong’
Indirect à Dona says that Morgan is very Strong
2. Direct à John said ‘ This egg is cheap’
Indirect à John said that the egg was cheap
3. Direct à Michel said ‘Tom will return ‘
Indirect à Michel said Tom would return
4. Direct à Diana said ‘ I can speak Japanese ‘
Indirect à Diana said that she could speak Japanese
5. Direct à Carlos said ‘ I want to cry’
Indirect à Carlos said he wanted to cry
9 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech Dalam Kalimat Perintah (Commands):
1. Direct à ‘ Go away’
Indirect à He told me to go away
2. Direct à ‘Run’
Indirect à He told me to run
3. Direct à ‘Do Something’
Indirect à He told me to do something
4. Direct à ‘ Find the document’
Indirect à He ordered us to find the document
5. Direct à Dona said ‘ Clean the glass!’
Indirect à Dona told me to clean the glass
9 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech dalam Kalimat (Requests):
1. Direct à ‘Open the door, please’
Indirect à He asked me to open the door
2. Direct à ‘Please come here’
Indirect à He asked me to come there
3. Direct à ‘Sit down, please’
Indirect à He asked me to sit down
4. Direct à ‘Please have the tea’
Indirect à He asked me to have the tea
5. Direct à ‘Please help me’
Indirect à He asked me to help him
9 Direct and Indirect Speech dalam kalimat Tanya (Questions)
1. Direct à ‘How is betty?’
Indirect à He asked me how betty was
2. Direct à ’What is she doing?’
Indirect à He asked me what she was doing
3. Direct à ‘When will you have a test?’
Indirect à He asked when I would have a test
4. Direct à ‘Where is Helen?’
Indirect à He asked where Helen was
* Apabila kalimat Tanya memerlukan jawaban Yes atau No maka dalam Reported speech harus diserakan If atau Whether :
1. Direct à ‘Are you hungry?’
Indirect à He asked me if I was hungry
2. Direct à ‘Can you drive a truck?’
Indirect à He asked me whether I could drive a truck
3. Direct à ‘May I use the telephone?’
Indirect à He asked me whether he might use the telephone
4. Direct à ‘Do you understand Lesson Five?’
Indirect à He asked me if I understood Lesson Five
9 Direct Speech and Indirect speech dalam Kalimat Seru (Exclamations)
1. Direct à ‘How beautiful she is!’
Indirect à He exclaimed how beautiful she was
2. Direct à ‘How wonderful the island is!’
Indirect à He exclaimed how wonderful the island was
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